Effect of panax ginseng on the activity of cholinesterase in different tissues of experimentally-induced diabetes in rats

In the present study cholinesterase [ChE] activity in seven brain regions [cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata], heart, liver and serum of adult male albino rats were determined following diabetes induction by a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan monohydrate [120 mg/kg body weight], oral administration of Panax ginseng extract [100 mg/kg body weight] for 12 consecutive days and the coadministration of both treatments. The enzyme activity was estimated after 2, 4, 8 and 12 days of alloxan and or Panax ginseng administration. Concomitant variation in blood glucose level and body weight of treated rats were also recorded. The results showed that injection of alloxan provoked a highly significant rise in blood glucose level coupled with failure of the treated animals to gain weight. Moreover, diabetes induction resulted in a general increase in ChE activity in most of the brain region studied. The increase was most prominent in the cerebral cortex while the cerebellum and pons were the less affected regions. This effect may be attributed to differences in the regulation of acetylcholine metabolism in these regions. In heart of diabetic rats, ChE activity exhibited a significant decrease after 12 days, however in the liver a significant increase was noticed after 4 days. Serum ChE was highly significantly elevated after 4 and 12 days. Administration of ginseng alone or following alloxan injection was associated with an elevation in ChE activity in the cerebral cortex and thalamus. Meanwhile, a reduction in the enzyme activity appeared in the midbrain, cerebellum, and pons of ginseng treated rats and to a lesser extent in the cerebellum and pons of rats treated with both alloxan and ginseng. In the heart tissue, administration of ginseng was characterized by an elevation in ChE activity, while combined treatment with alloxan and ginseng extract induced nonsignificant changes. Serum and liver ChE was markedly reduced in the ginseng treated rats and tended to be normalized in rats coadministered alloxan and ginseng thus showing an ameliorative effect of ginseng. It can be suggested that ginseng may possess a significant anti-hyperglycemic effect and may prove to be beneficial in improving the management of diabetes. Besides, it may have selective positive effect on the cholinergic system

Choline acetyltransferase activity in selected rat tissues following experimental diabetes and treatment with panax ginseng extract

The activity of the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase [ChAT] in seven brain regions, heart, liver and serum of adult male albino rat was determined following diabetes induction by a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan monohydrafe, oral administration of Panax ginseng extract for 12 consecutive days and the co-administration of both treatments. The changes in the enzyme activity of the selected tissues were estimated after 2, 4, 8 and 12 days of alloxan and/or Panax ginseng administration. The induction of diabetes was associated with a marked increase in the ChAT of the hypothalamus, midbrain and cerebellum at all the time intervals examined, a less pronounced increase in the cerebral cortex and thalamus and a decrease in pons and medulla, A tendency towards a decreased ChAT activity in the heart, significant fluctuations in liver and nonsignificant changes in serum were also noticed. However, administration of ginseng extract alone or following alloxan injection revealed enhanced ChAT activities in the different brain regions and nonsignificant decreases in liver and serum. It was concluded that the changes in the ChAT activity and the consequent alteration in the concentration of the cholinergic ncurotransmitter may be the mechanism by which the organism copes with the crisis of hyperglycemia and that ginseng extract may have beneficial effects at improving cholinergic function beside organ-protective functions

Trauma de cara, diagnóstico

Los traumatismos se diagnostican ahora con un alto grado de exactitud radiológica con el uso rutinario de la tomografía axial computarizada, en este estudio se visualiza con mas claridad los tejidos blandos como los tejidos óseos. Un conjunto variado de métodos invasores de diagnóstico y de monitoreo continuo de todos los sistemas orgánicos permite que el paciente con traumatismos facilaes puede ser operado con seguridad en los momentos iniciales. la aplicación de las técnicas craneofaciales de exposición ha aumentado la posibilidad de restaurar el aspecto facial que el paciente presentaba antes del trauma. El tratamiento con miniplacas, alambres han mejorado los resultados funcionales y estéticos del tratamiento de las fracturas de cara. Mantener un orden establecido es de gran importancia para el tratamiento óptimo de los traumatismos de lacara. es axiomático que los traumas de tejidos blandos y de los huesos de la zona facial sean tratados tan pronto como el estado general del paciente lo permita, por loq ue un tratamiento temprano disminuye la posibilidad de desfiguración facial permanente y de limitaciones funcionales graves, aunque los traumatismos blandos y óseos rara vez sean emergencias quirúrgicas.